C# Signature:

    [System.Runtime.InteropServices.DllImport("Kernel32")]
    static extern unsafe bool GetComputerName(byte* lpBuffer, long* nSize);

       or

    [System.Runtime.InteropServices.DllImport("Kernel32", CharSet=CharSet.Auto)]
    public static extern bool GetComputerName(StringBuilder buffer, ref uint size);    

VB.NET Signature

<DllImport("advapi32.dll", EntryPoint:="GetComputerNameW", SetLastError:=True)> _
Public Function GetComputerName(<MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPTSTR)>sb As System.Text.StringBuilder, _
     ByRef length As Integer) As <MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.Bool)>Boolean
End function    

VB Signature:

Declare Function GetComputerName Lib "kernel32" (ByVal lpBuffer As String, ByRef nMax As Integer) As Boolean

User-Defined Types:

None.

Notes:

The GetComputerName function retrieves the NetBIOS name of the local computer. This name is established at system startup, when the system reads it from the registry.

Tips & Tricks:

Make sure to go in to the build properties of your project and check "Allow Unsafe Code". Second version doesn't require this.

Sample Code C#:

    using System.Management;
    using System.Runtime.InteropServices;

    class Class1
        [System.Runtime.InteropServices.DllImport("Kernel32")>
            static extern unsafe bool GetComputerName(byte* lpBuffer, long* nSize);

        [STAThread]
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
           byte[] buffor = new byte[512];
            long size = buffor.Length;
               unsafe
             {
            long* pSize = &size;
            fixed (byte* pBuffor = buffor)
            {
              GetComputerName(pBuffor, pSize);
            }
                }
           System.Text.Encoding textEnc = new System.Text.ASCIIEncoding();
           System.Console.WriteLine("Computer name: {0}", textEnc.GetString(buffor));         
        }
    }

Sample Code (VB.NET):

    Imports System.Management
    Imports System.Runtime.InteropServices

    Public Class Class1
         <DllImport("advapi32.dll", EntryPoint:="GetComputerNameW", SetLastError:=True)> _
         Public Function GetComputerName(<MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPTSTR)>sb As System.Text.StringBuilder, _
             ByRef length As Integer) As <MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.Bool)>Boolean
         End function

        <STAThread> _
        Public Sub Main()
           Dim buffer As System.Text.StringBuilder
           buffer = new System.Text.StringBuilder(512)
           Dim Size as Integer = buffer.Length

           GetComputerName(buffer, Size)
           System.Console.WriteLine(buffer.ToString()))
        End Sub
    End Class

Sample Code (VB):

Dim buff As String = Space(255)
Dim max As Integer = 255
Dim rc As Integer

rc = GetComputerName(buff,max)
' Now, max contains the total number of characters written to the buffer
MessageBox.Show( Mid(buff,1,max) )

Alternative Managed API:

System.Environment.MachineName will get you the netbios name.

Sample Code (VB 2005):

Imports System.Runtime.InteropServices

Imports System.Text

<DllImport("Kernel32", CharSet:=CharSet.Unicode, EntryPoint:="GetComputerNameA", SetLastError:=True)> _

     Private Function GetCompName(ByVal Puffer As StringBuilder, ByRef Laenge As IntPtr) As Integer

End Function

Private Declare Function GetComputerNameAlt Lib "kernel32" Alias "GetComputerNameA" (ByVal lpBuffer As StringBuilder, ByVal nSize As Integer) As Integer

    Declare Unicode Function GetCompName2 Lib "Kernel32" Alias "GetComputerNameA" (ByVal Puffer As StringBuilder, ByRef Laenge As IntPtr) As Integer

Sub Main()

    Dim CompName As New StringBuilder()
    Dim Ret As Integer
    'Ret = GetComputerNameAlt(CompName, 100)
    Ret = GetCompName2(CompName, 100)
    Dim CompNameBytes() As Byte = Encoding.Unicode.GetBytes(CompName.ToString)
    Dim CompNameStr As String = Encoding.Default.GetString(CompNameBytes)
    Console.WriteLine("Der Computer heißt: {0}", CompNameStr)
    Console.ReadLine()
    End Sub

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